The professional education as State policy under a republican regime can be characterized as one of its facets of its secular parameters. The Minas Gerais captaincy was, in the course of the XVIII century, one of the most prosperous of the still Portugal colony in America. The wealth produced by mining agglutinated a population with many shades, including thinkers and avid readers of the literature under the influence of illuminism. The confluence of these ideas with the ideals issued with the first effected modern revolution in the North American continent fulfill an uprising defending the independence and that was massacred in 1789, by the crown in the main city of the captaincy, Vila Rica. With the creation of the Brazilian Empire in 1822, Vila Rica had its name modified to Ouro Preto (1823) and was capital of the Minas Gerais province until 1897. At this date was instituted, as state capital the planned city of Belo Horizonte. This, now at the Brazilian Republic, was the denial of the old and the configuration of the emergency of the new. The variables of the new involved on the first lusophone colonized country to adopt the republican regime were the radical constitutional separation of the political spheres and religion and the consecration of the resoursiveness between education and the denominated "universal suffrage". Illiterate were inhibited from voting and being elect. But not only, the Constitution also prescribed the vote absence of the homeless. What were the propositions of the supporters of the new on the state instances for the educational ambit? The professional primary education as State Policy was one of the choices. The Law n°1.606 of December 20 of 1906 already brought this prescription, which was effected in 1909 with the law nº 7.566 of December 23 of 1909. On the meantime, João Pinheiro, a pragmatic positivist, admirer of José Yves Limantour Marquet one of the leaderships in the group denominated as "Scientific" located in Mexico, was elected governor of Minas Gerais State and one of the great men of the professional education in the country. Derived from the research project "Education, poverty, politics and marginalization: formation of the work force on the new capital of Minas Gerais (1909-1927)" , approved by the National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and in the Foundation of Support to Research of Minas Gerais State (FAPEMIG) this work investigated the complexity of the international ideas, national and local on the implementation of the secular educational propositions in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Considered a historical context given by a significate populational contingent of enslaved, result of a mining activity, and in a territory that until the end of the XIX century the slavery of human beings derived from the African diaspora was legitimized by the religionist and where the term "proletary" , on the decree which institutes the state policy about professional education, seems to contain a tension over the class or even a renewed determinism in its application, now on the political sphere and for human beings deprived from the "fortune". The analyzed sources are hemerographic references, legislation and newspaper, with pretensions of the understandment in a contextual interpretation with an attempt to suppress the anachronistic.