Última modificación: 2017-07-17
Resumen
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the experience of the State of Guanabara with tele-education, highlighting the influence of international institutions in the conduct of policies for education in the period of 1960 and 1975 that sought social and citizen emancipation with schooling certification. The transfer of the federal capital to Brasília transformed the city of Rio de Janeiro - by Law nº. 3.752 of April 14, 1960 - in Guanabara State. It was a period of many changes in the State and the elaboration of a plan of goals that included the expansion of the school system, improvements in water supply and urban space planning. The goals followed the worldwide trend of planning that provided incentives to industrial activities concentrated in the peripheries of large cities where there should be infrastructure and literacy workers to ensure the development proposal.
The Brazilian government, following international recommendations and goals such as the Ponto IV Program and the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, initiated different literacy programs using mass media vehicles, including television. Education through schooling or completion certification was classified as strategic for human, social and economic development. This pressured state governments to seek alternatives to meet the growing demand of students, especially young people and adults. The State of Guanabara was a pioneer in tele-education projects that aimed at social, economic and citizen emancipation through education and insertion in the formal job market. The UNESCO proposal served as a paradigm for Guanabara's educational policy because it highlighted the mass media as fundamental for the eradication of illiteracy and for the transformations necessary to include Latin American developing countries in an economic and social welfare model defined by international institutions. In the 1960s, UNESCO defined tele-education based on utilitarian and functional values, that is, it should be sufficient to insert the individual appropriately into his social environment capable of acting from the needs imposed by the economic, political and social contexts. It defended a way of life that diluted cultural and social values of the different countries of Latin America in favor of the internationalization of education by the mass media. The Institute of Education of the State of Guanabara insert in the curriculum courses on television and educational audiovisual for teachers and TV professionals.
For the development of this research we analyze different types of files. We analyze the personal archives of pioneering professionals in tele-education in Guanabara. We also searched documents from the Brazilian Digital Newspaper, highlighting newspapers, magazines and periodicals published during the years 1960 to 1975 in the State of Rio de Janeiro. We have searched the following periodicals: O Globo, Correio da Manhã, Diário de Notícias, Jornal do Brasil and Revista do Rádio. We also analyze documents made available at the Centro de Memória Institucional do Instituto de Educação do Rio de Janeiro - CEMI.